Hypercalcaemia, acute renal failure, anemia, multiple vertebral lytic fractures, and raindrop scull: a quintet, perfect storm
Eleni Paschou, Nikolaos Sabanis
Corresponding author: Nikolaos Sabanis, Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Trikala, Trikala, Greece
Received: 30 May 2024 - Accepted: 03 Jul 2024 - Published: 10 Jul 2024
Domain: Internal medicine,Nephrology,Oncology
Keywords: Multiple myeloma, raindrop skull, osteolytic lesions
©Eleni Paschou et al. PAMJ Clinical Medicine (ISSN: 2707-2797). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cite this article: Eleni Paschou et al. Hypercalcaemia, acute renal failure, anemia, multiple vertebral lytic fractures, and raindrop scull: a quintet, perfect storm. PAMJ Clinical Medicine. 2024;15:27. [doi: 10.11604/pamj-cm.2024.15.27.44143]
Available online at: https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com//content/article/15/27/full
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Hypercalcaemia, acute renal failure, anemia, multiple vertebral lytic fractures, and raindrop scull: a quintet, perfect storm
Hypercalcaemia, acute renal failure, anemia, multiple vertebral lytic fractures, and raindrop scull: a quintet, perfect storm
&Corresponding author
A 67-year-old female presented to the emergency department with oliguria, dyspnea, severe lower back pain, and nausea. She also reported fatigability, unintentional weight loss, and resistance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics in back pain for the previous six months. Physical examination revealed a pale, afebrile woman in acute distress with tenderness on multiple ribs and lumbar vertebrae accompanied by symptoms of compressive myelopathy. Initial laboratory assessment revealed normochromic normocytic anemia, moderate hypercalcemia, and severe renal impairment requiring hemodialysis. Over the next few days, this patient was thoroughly evaluated for an underlying malignancy, primarily, a plasma cell malignancy. Serum and urine immunofixation revealed the presence of IgA kappa monoclonal protein, anosoparesis, and Bence-Jones proteinuria while bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed more than 80% clonal bone marrow plasma cells. Evaluation of skeleton lesions was performed with conventional plain radiographs and supplemented by low-dose computed tomography scanning. X-ray skull views disclosed multiple, well-defined lytic lesions of various sizes scattered throughout the skull, an emblematic appearance of the skull in multiple myeloma, also known as “raindrop skull” due to its similarity with the random pattern of black holes that heavy rain leaves when hitting and splashing onto a dry surface. Afterward, the patient received combined therapy with daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, dexamethasone, and bisphosphonate and was referred to a tertiary hospital due to the need for radiation.
Figure 1: X-ray “raindrop skull” view: multiple, well-defined lytic lesions of various sizes scattered throughout the skull in multiple myeloma